Name/TitlePunch

About this objectRichard Hall, Research Volunteer:
This is an iron punch containing the manufacturers name ‘SMYTH’S’ and it was used to stencil that name on the seed drills that they manufactured. The full company name was; ‘James Smyth and Sons Ltd, of Peasenhall’

The hopper on our seed drill (STMEA:1984-35.1) bears the name of both Smyth’s of Peasenhall, the manufacturer and the farm on which the drill was used, stamped on the side. Our punch would have been used to create part of the wording on the hopper.

As long as we have grown food, the seed that it grows from, had to be planted or scattered by hand over the land. Over large areas, scattering seed, known as ‘Broadcasting’, was very labour intensive and the amount of food actually produced, the ‘yield’, uncertain. Farmers needed a more productive way of sewing a reliable crop.

The earliest simple seed drills were attributed to the Babylonians around 1400 BC, although there is no evidence that this technology ever reached Europe. It is believed that the Chinese, also had multi-tube seed drills as early as the 2nd Century BC. These early seed drills were capable of being pulled over the land by either oxen or later by the horse.

In Europe, early seed drills were used in modern day Italy and its use rapidly spread throughout Europe. In England, the man accredited with inventing the modern seed drill in 1701 was the renowned agriculturalist, Jethro Tull (1674-1741). He saw the benefits of ensuring the correct sowing depth and space were maintained to increase yields.

At the turn of the 19th Century, James Smyth (1775-1843) ran a Wheelwright business in the village of Peasenhall. James and his brother Jonathan worked together to develop a more effective version of the seed drill mechanism, making use of new cast materials which were becoming increasingly available at the time.

The business was carried on by James and his sons, from what was essentially a village workshop but quickly developed into a small factory and thanks to some very effective marketing via local agents; produced six or seven seed drills every week by the end of the 19th Century. They exported seed drills all over Europe, Russia and the African continent. James Smyth and Sons were probably one of the very few Suffolk companies at that time who could boast an office in Paris!

Medium and MaterialsMade of iron.

Inscription and MarksStamped on the side: 3302
(On the item card this has been corrected to: S302)

MeasurementsLength: 110mm
Width: 50mm
Diameter: 22mm

Object numberSTMEA:A.1449

Copyright LicenceAttribution - Non-commercial (cc)